{"id":1366,"date":"2017-06-22T01:41:39","date_gmt":"2017-06-21T22:41:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/?p=1366"},"modified":"2021-08-17T00:04:49","modified_gmt":"2021-08-16T21:04:49","slug":"catlaklar-eklemler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/en\/catlaklar-eklemler.html","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7atlaklar (Eklemler)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Diyajeneze u\u011fram\u0131\u015f yani kat\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f kaya\u00e7lara bir kuvvet uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu kuvvetlere k\u0131vr\u0131mlanarak yan\u0131t veremeyen kaya\u00e7lar k\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rlar. K\u0131r\u0131lma ile kayac\u0131n taneleri aras\u0131nda ba\u011f kopar. <!--more-->K\u0131r\u0131lma y\u00fczeyleri, kaya\u00e7 bloklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zle fark edilir \u015fekilde birbirinden ay\u0131r\u0131r. \u0130ki k\u0131r\u0131lma y\u00fczeyi aras\u0131ndaki a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k bir veya birka\u00e7 mm ise k\u0131r\u0131lmaya <strong>\u201c\u00c7atlak (Eklem)\u201d<\/strong>, daha b\u00fcy\u00fck olursa <strong>\u201cYar\u0131k\u201d <\/strong>ad\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7atlak ve yar\u0131kta d\u00fczlem boyunca iki blo\u011fa ayr\u0131lan kaya\u00e7lar, bu d\u00fczlem \u00fczerinde birbirine g\u00f6re kayarak yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmez. B\u00f6yle bir kayma ya da kayarak yer de\u011fi\u015ftirme g\u00f6zleniyorsa buna <strong>\u201cFay\u201d <\/strong>ad\u0131 verilir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7atlak ve yar\u0131klar\u0131n i\u00e7leri ilk olu\u015ftuklar\u0131nda bo\u015ftur, fakat zamanla bu bo\u015fluklarda dola\u015f\u0131mda olan yeralt\u0131 ve yery\u00fcz\u00fc sular\u0131n\u0131n etkisiyle \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli mineral ve <strong>kaya\u00e7 damarlar\u0131 <\/strong>olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7atlak y\u00fczeyleri \u00e7ok say\u0131da ve birbirine paralel halde dizilmi\u015flerse bunlara <strong>\u201cSistematik \u00e7atlaklar\u201d <\/strong>ad\u0131 verilir. \u00c7atlaklar\u0131n boyutlar\u0131 kaya\u00e7lar\u0131n litolojik \u00f6zellikleri ve b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne g\u00f6re mikroskobik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerden, y\u00fczlerce metre uzunlu\u011fa kadar geli\u015febilir. Bir b\u00f6lgede en iyi geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00e7atlaklara <strong>\u201cPrimer (birincil) \u00c7atlaklar\u201d<\/strong>, ikinci ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc dereceden geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00e7atlaklara ise <strong>\u201cSekonder (ikincil) \u00c7atlaklar\u201d <\/strong>denir. Birbirini kesen \u00e7atlaklar e\u015f zamanl\u0131 veya farkl\u0131 zamanlarda olu\u015fabilirler. Daima kesen \u00e7atlaklar kesilen \u00e7atlaklardan gen\u00e7tir. \u00c7atlaklar\u0131n d\u00fczlemlerinin durumu da (do\u011frultu- e\u011fim y\u00f6n\u00fc-e\u011fim miktar\u0131) jeolog pusulas\u0131 ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u00c7atlaklar \u00e7o\u011funlukla tortul kaya\u00e7larda olmak \u00fczere magmatik veya metamorfik kaya\u00e7larda da geli\u015febilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1.\u00c7atlaklar\u0131n S\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00c7atlaklar\u0131n k\u00f6keni ve olu\u015fumuna ili\u015fkin \u00e7e\u015fitlilikten dolay\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fik ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli s\u0131n\u0131flamalar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u00f6ken a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7atlaklar ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong><strong>&#8211; <\/strong>Tektonik k\u00f6kenli \u00e7atlaklar<\/p>\n<p>a) S\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma rejimi \u00e7atlaklar\u0131<\/p>\n<p>b) \u00c7ekme rejimi \u00e7atlaklar\u0131<\/p>\n<p>c) Makaslama rejimi \u00e7atlaklar\u0131<\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong><strong>&#8211; <\/strong>Tektonik k\u00f6kenli olmayan \u00c7atlaklar<\/p>\n<p>a) Kuruma \u00e7atlaklar\u0131<\/p>\n<p>b) So\u011fuma \u00e7atlaklar\u0131<\/p>\n<h3><strong>1<\/strong><strong>.1. Tektonik k\u00f6kenli \u00e7atlaklar:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Bu \u00e7atlaklar, yap\u0131sal (tektonik) kuvvet, gerilme ve hareketlerin etkisiyle kaya\u00e7lar\u0131n gevrek veya yar\u0131 gevrek davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 sonucunda belli mekanik ve geometrik kurallara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak tortul, magmatik ve metamorfik kaya\u00e7larda olu\u015fabilen \u00e7atlaklard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>a) S\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma rejimi \u00e7atlaklar\u0131<\/strong>: Bu rejimde olu\u015fan \u00e7atlaklar, esasen rejimin elastik deformasyon a\u015famas\u0131nda ilk \u00fcr\u00fcn olan k\u0131vr\u0131mlarda g\u00f6zlenen \u00e7atlaklard\u0131r. Burada s\u0131n\u0131flamaya esas parametre, \u00e7atlaklar\u0131n k\u0131vr\u0131m eksenine g\u00f6re olan durumudur. \u00d6rne\u011fin bir antiklinalde;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>K\u0131vr\u0131m eksenine <strong>paralel <\/strong>olan \u00e7atlaklara <strong>Boyuna (Lonjit\u00fcdinal) <\/strong>\u00e7atlaklar,<\/li>\n<li>K\u0131vr\u0131m eksenine <strong>dik <\/strong>olan \u00e7atlaklar <strong>Enine (Transversal) <\/strong>\u00e7atlaklar,<\/li>\n<li>K\u0131vr\u0131m eksenini <strong>belirli bir a\u00e7\u0131 ile kesen <\/strong>\u00e7atlaklara <strong>Verev (Oblik\/Diyagonal)<\/strong> \u00e7atlaklar ad\u0131 verilir.<\/li>\n<li>K\u0131vr\u0131mlanmaya kat\u0131lan katmanlar\u0131n kafa (al\u0131n) kesimlerinde g\u00f6zlenen \u00e7atlaklara \u0131\u015f\u0131nsal (radiyal) \u00e7atlaklar ad\u0131 verilir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/antiklinalde-catlak-sistemi.jpg\" data-lbwps-width=\"855\" data-lbwps-height=\"370\" data-lbwps-srcsmall=\"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/antiklinalde-catlak-sistemi.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1367 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/antiklinalde-catlak-sistemi-300x130.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"385\" height=\"167\"><strong>\u015e<\/strong><strong>ek<\/strong><strong>il 1. <\/strong>K\u0131vr\u0131mlarda (bir antiklinalde) olu\u015fan de\u011fi\u015fik \u00e7atlak sistemleri,&nbsp;<strong>E: <\/strong>Enine veya transversal \u00e7atlaklar, <strong>B: <\/strong>Boyuna veya Lonjit\u00fcdinal \u00e7atlaklar,&nbsp;<strong>D: <\/strong>Verev veya Diyagonal \u00e7atlaklar, <strong>R: <\/strong>I\u015f\u0131nsal veya Radiyal \u00e7atlaklar (Ketin,1994).<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/kivrim-eksenine-gore-boyuna-enine-verev-catlaklar.jpg\" data-lbwps-width=\"812\" data-lbwps-height=\"586\" data-lbwps-srcsmall=\"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/kivrim-eksenine-gore-boyuna-enine-verev-catlaklar.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1368 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/kivrim-eksenine-gore-boyuna-enine-verev-catlaklar-300x217.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"344\" height=\"249\"><strong>\u015e<\/strong><strong>ek<\/strong><strong>il 2. <\/strong>K\u0131vr\u0131m eksenine ve gerilme sistemine g\u00f6re, Boyuna, Enine ve Verev \u00e7atlaklar\u0131n geometrik durumlar\u0131 (B. ve R. Willis, 1934 den derleyen Ketin ve Can\u0131tez, 1972 den al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.)<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>b<\/strong><strong>) \u00c7ekme rejimi \u00e7atlaklar\u0131: <\/strong>Bu rejimde olu\u015fan \u00e7atlaklar iki t\u00fcrl\u00fcd\u00fcr:<\/p>\n<p><strong>T<\/strong><strong>a<\/strong><strong>n<\/strong><strong>s<\/strong><strong>iyon \u00e7atlaklar\u0131: <\/strong>\u00c7ekme kuvvetlerinin do\u011frultusuna dik olarak geli\u015fen a\u00e7\u0131lma \u00e7atlaklar\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011funlukla i\u00e7lerinde \u00e7e\u015fitli mineralizasyonlar\u0131 g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilmektedir. Kabu\u011fun \u015fekillenmesine katk\u0131da bulunan ancak boyutlar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemsenmeyen bir \u00e7atlak sistemi olan a\u00e7\u0131lma \u00e7atlaklar\u0131 \u00f6zellikle hidrotermal sular\u0131n ve lavlar\u0131n y\u00fczeye \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli rol oynarlar. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019daki ve Kuzey Anadolu Fay\u0131 boyunca yer alan kapl\u0131calar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131lma \u00e7atlaklar\u0131 boyunca y\u00fczeye \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. A\u00e7\u0131lma \u00e7atlaklar\u0131, genellikle yava\u015f fakat s\u00fcrekli bir \u015fekilde geli\u015firler. A\u00e7\u0131lma \u00e7atlaklar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczlemleri dik veya dike yak\u0131n e\u011fimlidir. D\u00fczlem boyunca e\u011fim veya do\u011frultusunda bir de\u011fi\u015fim g\u00f6zlenmez. Boyutlar\u0131 birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz metreyi ge\u00e7mez ancak bir \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131lma \u00e7atla\u011f\u0131 deformasyon sonucu birle\u015ferek birka\u00e7 km ye varan boyutlara ula\u015fabilirler. \u00c7ok say\u0131da ve birbiriyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lma \u00e7atlaklar\u0131 b\u00f6lgede etkin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fc alanlar\u0131 veya \u00e7\u00f6kel ortamlar\u0131 meydana getirebilirler. Anadolu\u2019nun de\u011fi\u015fik b\u00f6lgelerinde tek ba\u015flar\u0131na g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fckleri gibi genelde do\u011frultu at\u0131ml\u0131 fay zonlar\u0131 olmak \u00fczere nadiren de normal faylanma ortamlar\u0131nda fay segmentlerinin s\u0131\u00e7rama yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlarda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrler. Geometrileri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu k\u0131r\u0131k sistemlerinin geli\u015fmesinde rol oynayan maksimum kuvvet yatay konumdad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki en \u00f6nemli a\u00e7\u0131lma \u00e7atlaklar\u0131; Karacada\u011f, Nemrut, Tend\u00fcrek, Hasanda\u011f a\u00e7\u0131lma \u00e7atlaklar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u00e7atlaklar, K-G y\u00f6nl\u00fc s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma kuvvetleri sonucu b\u00f6lgede etkinle\u015fen D-B y\u00f6nl\u00fc \u00e7ekme rejimi ile uyumlu olarak K-G do\u011frultusunda dizilmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kesme \u00e7atlaklar\u0131: <\/strong>Tansiyon \u00e7atlaklar\u0131n\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131 ortay kabul eden, birbirleriyle yakla\u015f\u0131k 40-600 a\u00e7\u0131 yapan, harita g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmlerinde baklava dilimi \u015fekiller olu\u015fturan \u00e7atlaklard\u0131r. Bunlar, tansiyon \u00e7atlaklar\u0131na g\u00f6re daha d\u00fcz, p\u00fcr\u00fczs\u00fcz, keskin y\u00fczeylidir, \u00e7atlak d\u00fczlemine dik y\u00f6nde a\u00e7\u0131lma g\u00f6zlenmez, bir miktar kayma g\u00f6zlenebilir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/kill-deneyi-catlak-tansiyon-kesme-iki-yonlu-dik-cekme.jpg\" data-lbwps-width=\"810\" data-lbwps-height=\"554\" data-lbwps-srcsmall=\"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/kill-deneyi-catlak-tansiyon-kesme-iki-yonlu-dik-cekme.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1369\" src=\"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/kill-deneyi-catlak-tansiyon-kesme-iki-yonlu-dik-cekme-300x205.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"401\" height=\"274\"><strong>\u015e<\/strong><strong>ek<\/strong><strong>il 3. <\/strong>\u00c7ekme etkisi veya buna dik y\u00f6ndeki bas\u0131n\u00e7 etkisi alt\u0131ndaki model kil deneyinde meydana gelen iki y\u00f6nl\u00fc kesme \u00e7atlaklar\u0131 (ince \u00e7izgiler) ve a\u00e7\u0131k tansiyon \u00e7atlaklar\u0131 (siyah dolgulu k\u0131s\u0131mlar). En fazla bas\u0131n\u00e7 do\u011frultusundaki tansiyon \u00e7atlaklar\u0131, kesme \u00e7atlaklar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki a\u00e7\u0131y\u0131 (ortalama de\u011feri 56\u00b0) iki e\u015fit par\u00e7aya b\u00f6lecek \u015fekilde geli\u015fmi\u015flerdir (Ketin,1994).<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>c<\/strong><strong>) Makaslama rejimi \u00e7atlaklar\u0131: <\/strong>Bu \u00e7atlaklar do\u011frultu at\u0131ml\u0131 faylarla birlikte geli\u015fen \u00e7atlaklar olup, fay\u0131n do\u011frultusu ile belirli bir a\u00e7\u0131 yaparlar. <strong>T\u00fcy \u00e7atlaklar\u0131 <\/strong>ad\u0131 verilen bu \u00e7atlaklarla fay\u0131n t\u00fcr\u00fc belirlenebilir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/kuvvet-etkisinde-tug-catlaklari.jpg\" data-lbwps-width=\"774\" data-lbwps-height=\"310\" data-lbwps-srcsmall=\"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/kuvvet-etkisinde-tug-catlaklari.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1370 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/kuvvet-etkisinde-tug-catlaklari-300x120.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"353\" height=\"141\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/kuvvet-etkisinde-tug-catlaklari.jpg\" data-lbwps-width=\"774\" data-lbwps-height=\"310\" data-lbwps-srcsmall=\"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/kuvvet-etkisinde-tug-catlaklari.jpg\"><strong>\u015e<\/strong><strong>ek<\/strong><strong>il 4. <\/strong>Bir kuvvet \u00e7iftinin etkisi ile olu\u015fan, i\u00e7erisi kuvarsla dolmu\u015f t\u00fcy \u00e7atlaklar\u0131. D\u00fc\u015fey do\u011frultudaki kal\u0131n \u00e7izgi t\u00fcy \u00e7atlaklar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fumu s\u0131ras\u0131nda sa\u011f y\u00f6nl\u00fc olarak b\u00fck\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f eski bir kuvars damar\u0131d\u0131r (Ketin, 1994).<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/tug-catlaklari-dogrultu-atimli-fayin-yonu.jpg\" data-lbwps-width=\"1670\" data-lbwps-height=\"328\" data-lbwps-srcsmall=\"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/tug-catlaklari-dogrultu-atimli-fayin-yonu.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1371 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/tug-catlaklari-dogrultu-atimli-fayin-yonu-300x59.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"432\" height=\"85\"><strong>\u015eekil 5. <\/strong>T\u00fcy \u00e7atlaklar\u0131ndan yaralanarak do\u011frultu at\u0131ml\u0131 fay\u0131n t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn belirlenmesi. <strong>a- <\/strong>Do\u011frultu at\u0131ml\u0131 sa\u011f y\u00f6nl\u00fc fay, <strong>b- <\/strong>Do\u011frultu at\u0131ml\u0131 sol y\u00f6nl\u00fc fay (Tutkun, 1999).<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Tabakalanma &nbsp;ile &nbsp;ili\u015fkilerine &nbsp;g\u00f6re &nbsp;tektonik &nbsp;k\u00f6kenli &nbsp;\u00e7atlaklar &nbsp;a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki &nbsp;gibi s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131labilir.<a href=\"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/tektonik-catlaklar-tabakalanma-durumu.jpg\" data-lbwps-width=\"467\" data-lbwps-height=\"327\" data-lbwps-srcsmall=\"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/tektonik-catlaklar-tabakalanma-durumu.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1372 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/tektonik-catlaklar-tabakalanma-durumu-300x210.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"210\"><strong>\u015e<\/strong><strong>ek<\/strong><strong>il 6. <\/strong>Tabakalanma ile olan ili\u015fkilerine g\u00f6re tektonik k\u00f6kenli \u00e7atlaklar (Tutkun, 1999).<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/makaslama-zonunda-acilma-catlaklari.jpg\" data-lbwps-width=\"587\" data-lbwps-height=\"863\" data-lbwps-srcsmall=\"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/makaslama-zonunda-acilma-catlaklari.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1373 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/makaslama-zonunda-acilma-catlaklari-204x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"204\" height=\"300\"><strong>\u015e<\/strong><strong>ek<\/strong><strong>il 7. <\/strong>Bir makaslama zonunda geli\u015fen a\u00e7\u0131lma \u00e7atlaklar\u0131n\u0131n kinematik evrimi. <strong>A. <\/strong>A\u00e7\u0131lma yap\u0131lar\u0131 ilk ba\u015fta makaslama duvarlar\u0131 ile 45\u00ba lik a\u00e7\u0131 yapacak \u015fekilde olu\u015furlar. <strong>B. <\/strong>Devam eden saf makaslama sonucunda ilk ba\u015fta olu\u015fan a\u00e7\u0131lma \u00e7atlaklar\u0131 rotasyona u\u011framaktad\u0131r. <strong>C. <\/strong>Rotasyon sonras\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lma \u00e7atlaklar\u0131 ve\/veya damarlar k\u0131sal\u0131r ve buru\u015furlar.&nbsp;<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/makaslama-zonunda-acilma-catlaklari.jpg\" data-lbwps-width=\"587\" data-lbwps-height=\"863\" data-lbwps-srcsmall=\"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/makaslama-zonunda-acilma-catlaklari.jpg\">(Durriey ve Ramsay, 1973\u2019 den derleyen Davis, 1984\u2019 den \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir)<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/acilma-catlaklari-1.jpg\" data-lbwps-width=\"588\" data-lbwps-height=\"373\" data-lbwps-srcsmall=\"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/acilma-catlaklari-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-1376\" src=\"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/acilma-catlaklari-1-300x190.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"190\"><strong>\u015e<\/strong><strong>ek<\/strong><strong>il 8. <\/strong>A\u00e7\u0131lma \u00e7atlaklar\u0131 Baz\u0131 pl\u00fctonik kaya\u00e7larda kat\u0131la\u015fma sonras\u0131 \u00e7atlak sistemleri geli\u015febilir. Bu \u00e7atlakl\u0131 yap\u0131 do\u011fal s\u00fcreksizliklerden olu\u015ftu\u011fu i\u00e7in ta\u015f oca\u011f\u0131 i\u015fletmecili\u011finde patlatma sonras\u0131&nbsp;<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/acilma-catlaklari-1.jpg\" data-lbwps-width=\"588\" data-lbwps-height=\"373\" data-lbwps-srcsmall=\"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/acilma-catlaklari-1.jpg\">geometrik \u015fekilli bloklar\u0131n elde edilmesinde \u00f6nemli rol oynar.<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/pulutonlarda-catlak-sistemleri.jpg\" data-lbwps-width=\"486\" data-lbwps-height=\"332\" data-lbwps-srcsmall=\"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/pulutonlarda-catlak-sistemleri.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-1377\" src=\"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/pulutonlarda-catlak-sistemleri-300x205.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"205\"><strong>\u015e<\/strong><strong>ek<\/strong><strong>il 9. <\/strong>Pl\u00fctonlarda te\u015fekk\u00fcl eden \u00e7atlak sistemleri.&nbsp;<strong>A<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong>Ayk\u0131r\u0131 veya Diyagonal \u00e7atlaklar, Boyuna veya Konjit\u00fcdinal \u00e7atlaklar, Damarlar, <strong>E. <\/strong>Enine veya Transversal \u00e7atlaklar, <strong>F. <\/strong>Faylar, diyagonal \u00e7atlaklara paralel olarak geli\u015fmi\u015flerdir, <strong>Y. <\/strong>Yat\u0131k \u00e7atlaklar, ak\u0131nt\u0131 unsurlar\u0131na paralel olarak geli\u015fmi\u015flerdir. Oklar, en fazla bas\u0131n\u00e7 y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6sterirler.<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/pulutonlarda-catlak-sistemleri.jpg\" data-lbwps-width=\"486\" data-lbwps-height=\"332\" data-lbwps-srcsmall=\"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/pulutonlarda-catlak-sistemleri.jpg\">(H. CLOOS, 1936\u2019 dan basitle\u015ftiren Tutkun, 1999\u2019dan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.)<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong><strong>.2.&nbsp; K\u00f6keni Tektonik Olmayan \u00c7atlaklar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tektonik deformasyona u\u011framam\u0131\u015f baz\u0131 kaya\u00e7 t\u00fcrlerinde olu\u015fan \u00e7atlaklard\u0131r. \u0130kiye ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar:<\/p>\n<p><strong>a<\/strong><strong>) Kuruma \u00e7atlaklar\u0131: <\/strong>\u00d6zellikle killi-siltli kaya\u00e7larda \u00fcstten alta do\u011fru kuruma ile olu\u015furlar. \u00dcstten g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fleri be\u015fgen veya alt\u0131gen olup, kesit g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmlerinde \u00fcstten a\u00e7\u0131k alta do\u011fru sivri bir \u015fekilde kapal\u0131d\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/kuruma-catlaklari.jpg\" data-lbwps-width=\"534\" data-lbwps-height=\"504\" data-lbwps-srcsmall=\"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/kuruma-catlaklari.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1378 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/kuruma-catlaklari-300x283.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"283\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/pulutonlarda-catlak-sistemleri.jpg\" data-lbwps-width=\"486\" data-lbwps-height=\"332\" data-lbwps-srcsmall=\"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/pulutonlarda-catlak-sistemleri.jpg\"><strong>\u015eekil 10. <\/strong>Kuruma \u00e7atlaklar\u0131 <strong>A- <\/strong>Harita, <strong>B<\/strong><strong>&#8211; <\/strong>Kesit g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc.<br \/>\n<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>b) So\u011fuma \u00e7atlaklar\u0131: <\/strong>Bazaltlar\u0131n olu\u015fumu s\u0131ras\u0131nda lavlar\u0131n so\u011fumas\u0131 ve b\u00fcz\u00fclmesi a\u015famas\u0131nda geli\u015firler. \u00dcstten g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmleri be\u015fgen veya alt\u0131gen, yandan g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmleri bazalt s\u00fctunlar\u0131 \u015feklindedir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/soguma-catlaklari.png\" data-lbwps-width=\"950\" data-lbwps-height=\"712\" data-lbwps-srcsmall=\"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/soguma-catlaklari.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/soguma-catlaklari.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"429\" height=\"321\"><\/a><strong>\u015e<\/strong><strong>ek<\/strong><strong>il 11. <\/strong>So\u011fuma \u00e7atlaklar\u0131 (S\u00fctun bazaltlar) (Davis, 1984)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Diyajeneze u\u011fram\u0131\u015f yani kat\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f kaya\u00e7lara bir kuvvet uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu kuvvetlere k\u0131vr\u0131mlanarak yan\u0131t veremeyen kaya\u00e7lar k\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rlar. K\u0131r\u0131lma ile kayac\u0131n taneleri aras\u0131nda ba\u011f kopar.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2548,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_kadence_starter_templates_imported_post":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[5],"tags":[288,287,291,293,292,294,290,289],"class_list":["post-1366","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tunel-nedir","tag-catlak","tag-diyajenez","tag-kesme-catlaklari","tag-kuruma-catlaklari","tag-makaslama-catlaklari","tag-soguma-catlaklari","tag-tansiyon-catlaklar","tag-tektonik-kokenli-catlaklar"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Catlak-ve-eklemler.jpeg?v=1657999389","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p9zVBf-m2","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1366","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1366"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1366\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2549,"href":"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1366\/revisions\/2549"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2548"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1366"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1366"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1366"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}