{"id":2981,"date":"2021-04-22T11:32:24","date_gmt":"2021-04-22T08:32:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/?p=2981"},"modified":"2022-06-20T00:12:09","modified_gmt":"2022-06-19T21:12:09","slug":"tunel-imalatinda-zemin-kontrolu-rmr-rqd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/en\/tunel-imalatinda-zemin-kontrolu-rmr-rqd.html","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcnel \u0130malat\u0131nda Zemin Kontrol\u00fc (RMR – RQD)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kaya s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 hesaplamalar\u0131 T\u00fcnel \u0130malat\u0131 devam etti\u011fi s\u00fcre\u00e7te s\u00fcrekli takip alt\u0131nda tutularak t\u00fcnelin g\u00fcvenlik katsay\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n hesaplanmas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem arz eder. Bu i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde olduk\u00e7a de\u011ferli olup Jeoteknik m\u00fchendisi, enerji santralleri, demiryolu, karayollar\u0131, k\u00f6pr\u00fc, bina, baraj, liman ve t\u00fcnel gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli yap\u0131lar\u0131n in\u015fa edilece\u011fi alanlar jeolojik alanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yapan ki\u015fidir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, in\u015faat yap\u0131lmas\u0131 istenen alandaki zemin \u00f6zelliklerini denetlemeye y\u00f6neliktir. Ayr\u0131ca, yap\u0131n\u0131n zemine g\u00fcvenli ve ekonomik bir bi\u00e7imde yerle\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz t\u00fcnelciliginde proje de\u011ferleri hesaplamalar\u0131 ve saha ilerleme s\u0131n\u0131f belirlenmesinde, proje yap\u0131m esaslar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 sonras\u0131 projenin jeolojik tarama \u00fczerinde s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r ve bu sa\u011flanan s\u0131n\u0131rlar dahilinde proje de\u011ferlerinin hesaplanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kaya s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 bu de\u011ferlere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak yerle\u015ftirilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n as\u0131l amac\u0131 projenin ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan itibaren projenin maliyetinin belirlenmi\u015f olmas\u0131 ve yap\u0131lacak imalat kalemlerinin \u00f6nceden saptanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6ntem projenin do\u011fru zamanda tamamlanmas\u0131 ve projenin maliyetinin hesaplanarak performans kriterlerinin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 amac\u0131 ile b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem arz etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaya K\u00fctle \u0130ndeksi<\/strong> (R<\/strong>ock M<\/strong>ass R<\/strong>ating)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaya K\u00fctle \u0130ndeksi jeomekanik kaya k\u00fctle s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma sistemidir. \u0130lk olarak 1973 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bieniawski taraf\u0131ndan ortaya konulmu\u015ftur ve 1989 y\u0131l\u0131nda son halini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00f6zellikle t\u00fcnelcilik ve madencilik alan\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir rol oynamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir puanlama sitemi olarak i\u015fler ve 5 parametrede incelenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu parametreler:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. Kaya numunesinin tek eksenli bas\u0131n\u00e7 dayan\u0131m\u0131 (\u03c3c<\/sub>)<\/li>
  2. Kaya kalite de\u011feri (RQD<\/a>)<\/li>
  3. S\u00fcreksizlik aral\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/li>
  4. S\u00fcreksizliklerin durumu<\/li>
  5. Yer alt\u0131 su durumu<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Bu parametreler g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurularak elde edilen puanlara g\u00f6re kaya s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma tablosu a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    RMR<\/td>Kaya Kalitesi<\/td><\/tr>
    0-20<\/td>\u00c7ok Zay\u0131f<\/td><\/tr>
    21-40<\/td>Zay\u0131f<\/td><\/tr>
    41-60<\/td>Orta<\/td><\/tr>
    61-80<\/td>\u0130yi<\/td><\/tr>
    81-100<\/td>\u00c7ok \u0130yi<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
    Tablo 1:<\/strong> RMR Puan Tablosu.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    1. Kaya numunesinin tek eksenli bas\u0131n\u00e7 dayan\u0131m\u0131 (\u03c3c<\/sub>)<\/strong> : Kaya\u00e7lar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan en \u00f6nemli mekanik parametrelerinden biridir. Bir \u00e7ok m\u00fchendislik aln\u0131nda belirleyici etken olarak de\u011ferlendirilmektedir. Deneyler sonucunda elde edilmektedir.
      <\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      2. Kaya kalite de\u011feri (<\/strong>RQD<\/strong><\/a>)<\/strong> : Kaya\u00e7 k\u00fctlesinin \u00e7atlakl\u0131k derecesinin kaba \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr. Al\u0131nan karotun i\u00e7inde bulunan 10cm den b\u00fcy\u00fck par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n toplam uzunlu\u011funun al\u0131nan karot boyuna oran\u0131 ile bulunur.<\/p>\n\n\n

      \u00d6rnek: <\/strong>Sondaj ilerlemesi 100 cm olan karotlar\u0131n RQD de\u011ferinin ve toplam sondaj verimlili\u011finin\u00a0 hesaplanmas\u0131.<\/p>\n

      \"\"<\/p>\n

      \u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n

      a.<\/strong>\u00a0RQD=\u00a0100\u00a0x\u00a0(13+13+16+24+20)\u00a0\/\u00a0100\u00a0=\u00a0%\u00a086\u00a0(\u00c7ok \u0130yi)<\/p>\n

      \n\n\n\n<\/p>\n

      b.<\/strong>\u00a0Toplam\u00a0karot\u00a0verimi\u00a0=\u00a0(13+13+16+6+24+20)\u00a0\/\u00a0100\u00a0=\u00a0%\u00a092<\/p>\n

      \n\n\n\n<\/p>\n

      Lp\/Lt x 100<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n\n\n\n<\/p>\n

      Lp:<\/strong> Karotlu ilerlemede\u00a010 cm veya 10 cm\u2019den b\u00fcy\u00fck sa\u011fiam ve silindirik\u00a0\u015feklini korumu\u015f karot par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n m cinsinden\u00a0toplam uzunlu\u011fu.<\/p>\n

      \n\n\n\n<\/p>\n

      Lt:<\/strong> Karotlu ilerlemede m\u00a0cinsinden toplam ilerleme.<\/p>\n

      \n\n\n\n\n\n

      3. S\u00fcreksizlik aral\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong> : Ayna y\u00fczeyindeki s\u00fcreksizliklerin aras\u0131nda mesafe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

      Resim 1:<\/strong> S\u00fcreksizlikler aras\u0131 mesafe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      4. S\u00fcreksizliklerin durumu<\/strong> : S\u00fcreksizliklerin durumu (s\u0131kl\u0131k), ve a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurularak elde edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n

      \u00d6rnek:<\/strong>Bir s\u00fcreksizlik y\u00fczeyinin dayan\u0131m\u0131 belirlemek amac\u0131yla, s\u00fcreksizlik y\u00fczeyinin ayr\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve ayr\u0131\u015fmam\u0131\u015f kesimineschmitd \u00e7ekici ile darbe vurularak ortalama geri tepme say\u0131lar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131yla 58 ve 69 olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir. S\u00fcreksizlik y\u00fczeyinin bozulma derecesinin hesab\u0131.<\/p>\n

      \"Bu<\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n\n\n

      \n
      \n
      \n

      5.Yer alt\u0131 su durumu<\/strong> : 3 farkl\u0131 \u015fekilde puanlan\u0131r, bir paremetre se\u00e7ilerek puanlanmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      • T\u00fcnelin aynaya yak\u0131n ilk 10 metresinden gelen su miktar\u0131na bak\u0131larak puanlama yap\u0131l\u0131r<\/li>
      • Eklemlerden gelen suyun bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmesi ile elde edilen verileri ile puanlama yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>
      • Kabaca t\u00fcnelin aynas\u0131na bak\u0131larak \u0131slakl\u0131k durumuna g\u00f6re puanlama yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Sonu\u00e7ta elde edilen bilgiler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda a\u011fal\u0131daki tablodan de\u011ferler belirlenerek RMR hesab\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r. Hesap Tablo \u00fczerinde verilen de\u011ferlerin toplamas\u0131 \u015feklindedir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

        Tablodan toplanan veriler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda elde edilen RMR puan\u0131 ilk tabloda denk geldi\u011fi noktadan ba\u015flayarak:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

        E\u011fim d\u00fczelmi\u015f tablosu ile s\u00fcreksizlikleri do\u011frultu ve e\u011fimi miktar\u0131 tablosundaki de\u011ferler ile ba\u011fl\u0131ca zay\u0131fl\u0131k d\u00fczlemleriyle ilgili d\u00fczeltme ve patlama d\u00fczeltmesi de\u011ferleri eklenerek Nihai RMR puan\u0131 hesaplan\u0131r. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

        Yaz\u0131n\u0131n kaynaklardan haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Furkan C\u0130VELEK<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Okan – \u00dcniversitesi – \u0130n\u015faat M\u00fchendisli\u011fi

        Okan \u00dcniversitesi – Patlay\u0131c\u0131 M\u00fchendisli\u011fi ( Y\u00fcksek Lisans )<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Te\u015fekk\u00fcrler.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Kaya s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 hesaplamalar\u0131 T\u00fcnel \u0130malat\u0131 devam etti\u011fi s\u00fcre\u00e7te s\u00fcrekli takip alt\u0131nda tutularak t\u00fcnelin g\u00fcvenlik katsay\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n hesaplanmas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem arz eder. Bu i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde olduk\u00e7a de\u011ferli olup Jeoteknik m\u00fchendisi, enerji santralleri, demiryolu, karayollar\u0131, k\u00f6pr\u00fc, bina, baraj, liman ve t\u00fcnel gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli yap\u0131lar\u0131n in\u015fa edilece\u011fi alanlar jeolojik alanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yapan ki\u015fidir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, in\u015faat yap\u0131lmas\u0131 istenen alandaki zemin…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4020,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_kadence_starter_templates_imported_post":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"T\u00fcnel \u0130malat\u0131nda Zemin Kontrol\u00fc (RMR - RQD)","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2981","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tunel-nasil-yapilir"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tunel-imalatinda-zemin-kontrolu-rmr-rqd700.jpg?v=1657997597","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p9zVBf-M5","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2981","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2981"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2981\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4021,"href":"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2981\/revisions\/4021"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4020"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2981"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2981"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2981"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}