{"id":3053,"date":"2021-07-14T23:50:25","date_gmt":"2021-07-14T20:50:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/?p=3053"},"modified":"2021-08-18T08:56:24","modified_gmt":"2021-08-18T05:56:24","slug":"tunellerde-tahmin-edilen-ile-gerceklesen-jeolojik-kosullarin-karsilastirilmasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/en\/tunellerde-tahmin-edilen-ile-gerceklesen-jeolojik-kosullarin-karsilastirilmasi.html","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcnellerde tahmin edilen ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen jeolojik ko\u015fullar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"
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T\u00fcnel g\u00fczergah\u0131 incelemelerinde sondaj uygu\u0002lamalar\u0131 vazge\u00e7ilmez ara\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemlerinden bi\u0002ridir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma sondajlar\u0131ndan sa\u011flanan litoloji, yap\u0131sal unsurlar, yeralt\u0131suyu durumu, karotlan laboratuvarda de\u011ferlendirilmesi ve ,kuyu i\u00e7i testler gibi veriler, t\u00fcnellerin projelendirilmesine \u00f6nemli katk\u0131lar sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Ancak, t\u00fcnel g\u00fczergah\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma sondaj verilerinin yanl\u0131\u015f y\u00f6nlendirilmesi ve hatal\u0131 yorumlanmas\u0131 t\u00fcnel a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken \u00f6nemli pro\u0002je de\u011fi\u015fikliklerine neden olmaktad\u0131r. Proje de\u011fi\u015fik\u0002likleri ise t\u00fcnellerin maliyetini artt\u0131rmakta ve za\u0002man kayb\u0131na yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. Bu ama\u00e7la \u0130stanbul metrosu Zincirlikuyu t\u00fcneline ait de\u011fi\u015fik a\u015famalarda haz\u0131rlanan t\u00fcnel je\u0002oloji kesitleri incelenmi\u015ftir, Yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendir\u0002meler sonucu ara\u015ft\u0131rma sondaj verilerine g\u00f6re ha\u0002mlanan t\u00fcnel jeoloji kesitlerinin do\u011fruluk derece\u0002si litolojik de\u011fi\u015fkenlik, tektonik yap\u0131n\u0131n karma\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczey saha verilerinin k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131, karotlann hatal\u0131 yorumlanmas\u0131 ve t\u00fcnel kesitini haz\u0131rlayan ki\u015fi veya ki\u015filerin bilgi ve tecr\u00fcbesine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcnel a\u00e7\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce saha g\u00f6zlemleri ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma sondaj \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan sa\u011flanan bilgilere g\u00f6re t\u00fcnel jeoloji kesitleri haz\u0131rlanmaktad\u0131r. Bu jeoloji kesitlerinde sunulan, bilgilerin
do\u011fruluk derecesi t\u00fcnellerin dizayn\u0131n\u0131, maliyetini ve zaman\u0131n\u0002da bitirilmesini etkilemektedir. Bu nedenle t\u00fcnellerde ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0002\u0131na sondajlar\u0131na g\u00f6re tahmin edilen \u00eele t\u00fcnel kaz\u0131s\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda.
ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen k\u0131ya ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n biribirine yak\u0131n, olmas\u0131 gerek\u0002mektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130stanbul Metrosu Zincirlikuyu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130stanbul metrosu 1. a\u015fama kaz\u0131s\u0131 Taksimden baslayarak b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Cumhuriyet-Halakargazi ve B\u00fbyttkdere cad\u0002desine ko\u015fut ve yer yer yo\u011fun yap\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerin ortalama 22 metre altodan, ge\u00e7mektedir, istanbul .metrosunun 1. a\u015fama 7040 m\/lik hat boyu ile Taksim-4. Levent aras\u0131nda yap\u0131m\u0131 sinmektedir.. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya konu olan, Zincirlikuyu t\u00fc\u0002neli, ise \u015ei\u015fli-4 Levent aras\u0131nda, yeralmakta ve 80 m uzunluk\u0002tad\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u0130stanbul metrosu Zincirlikuyu ‘t\u00fcnelinde tahmin edilen jeofa\u0002jik kesit (IRTCjmS).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcnelinin jeolojisi<\/strong>
istanbul metrosu 1. ‘a\u015fama kaz\u0131s\u0131 Taksim-4. Levent aras\u0131n\u0002da temel, kayay\u0131 Zincirlikuyu t\u00fcnelinde oldu\u011fu gibi Karboni\u0002fere ait Trakya formasyonu, olu\u015fturur, Trakya, Formasyonu
ba\u015fl\u0131ca ardalanmas\u0131 kumlas\u0131, siltta\u015f\u0131 ve k\u00fclta\u015f\u0131 d\u00fczeylerinden olu\u0002\u015fur. Farkl\u0131 litolojiler aras\u0131nda, yatay ve di\u015fey ge\u00e7i\u015fler ola\u011fan\u0002d\u0131r. Trakya formasyonunu kesen \u00e7ok say\u0131da andezit diyabaz ve mikrogrado dayk\u0131 da bulunmaktad\u0131r. Dayk arm geni\u015fli\u011fi bir ka\u00e7 metre ile 100 m aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fmekte (Bibero\u011fju ve Dal\u0002g\u0131\u00e7\u00bb 1996) ve \u00e7o\u011fu katmanlar\u0131 dike yak\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131larla, kesmektedir\u0002ler. Trakya Formasyonunu kesen kuvars veya kalsit damarlar\u0131 da vard\u0131r. Bu damarlar en. \u00e7ok 20-30 cm kal\u0131nl\u0131ktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

istanbul metrosu Zincirlikuyu t\u00fcnelinde sondaj uygulamalar\u0131 istanbul t\u00fcp t\u00fcnel ve metro g\u00fczergamndaki 60 tane genel g\u00fczergah ara\u015ft\u0131rma sondaj\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Sondajlar\u0131n
denetimi bu makalenin yazar\u0131n\u0131n da i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu \u0130stanbul Demiryolu T\u00fcnel Konsorsiyumu (IRTCT 1988) m\u00fchendisleri taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu sondajlarda litoloji, yap\u0131sal unsurlar ve yeral\u00fcsuyu dorumu, hakk\u0131nda bilgiler elde edilmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131\u0002ca, bu sondajlarda, metro g\u00fczergah\u0131ndaki zemin ve kayalar\u0131n jeoteknik \u00f6zelliklerini \u00f6\u011frenmek amac\u0131yla laboratuvar \u00f6rnek\u0002leri i\u00e7in. \u00f6rnek al\u0131m\u0131 ve koyu testleri yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Metro g\u00fczergah\u0131nda metro in\u015faas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ilave ara\u015ft\u0131rma sondaj \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0002malar\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu sondajlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 detay ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik olarak bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ise yerinde yap\u0131lan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmler i\u00e7in ger\u0002\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir, istanbul metrosu. Zincirlikuyu t\u00fcnellerinde ise genel g\u00fczergah arastama sondajlar\u0131ndan 5′ tanesi bulunmakta\u0002d\u0131r. Bu alandaki sondajlar\u0131n derinli\u011fi ise 24.75 ile 30.75 m- ara\u0002smda de\u011fi\u015fmektedir<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130stanbul metrosu Zincirlikuyu t\u00fcneli<\/strong>
\u0130stanbul metrosu Ziocirlikuyu t\u00fcnelinde bir dayk k\u00fctlesi\u0002nin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131lan .ara\u015ft\u0131rma sondaj verilerine g\u00f6re ortaya \u00e7\u0131\u0002ka\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (\u0130RTC, 1988), (\u015eekil 5). T\u00fcnel i\u00e7inde taraf\u0131m\u0131zdan yap\u0131lan g\u00f6zlem, ve Koksal vd., (1996) verilerinden, yararlana\u0002rak haz\u0131rlanan jeolojik kesit ‘da sunulmu\u015ftur. T\u00fcnel i\u00e7i verilerde de sondajlarda, belirlenen dayk k\u00fctlesi g\u00f6zlenmi\u015f ve haz\u0131rlanan her iki jeolojik kesit aras\u0131nda belirgin bir farkl\u0131\u0002l\u0131k bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bu iki. jeolojik kesit aras\u0131nda sadece dayk\u0131n geometrik konumunda baz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklikler g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte\u0002dir. Asl\u0131nda dayklann farkl\u0131 geometrilerde ana kaya i\u00e7erisine yerle\u015ftikleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcrse sondaj verilerine g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlanan je\u0002oloji kesitinin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu iki jeolojik
kesitin birbirine- benzer \u00f6zelikler g\u00f6stermesinde ise sondaj sa\u0002y\u0131s\u0131, derinli\u011fi, sondaj lo\u011fu ve jeoloji kesitini haz\u0131rlayan ki\u015file\u0002rin deneyimi \u00f6nemli etken olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u0130stanbul metrosu Zincirlikuyu ‘t\u00fcnelinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen jeofa\u0002jik kesit (IRTCjmS).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sonu\u00e7 ve \u00f6neriler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Sondajlardan sa\u011flanan verilerin do\u011fru, olarak yorumlan\u0002mas\u0131 ve t\u00fcnel kaz\u0131s\u0131 yap\u0131lmadan soran, \u00e7\u0131kartacak .alanlar\u0131n be\u0002lirlenmesi t\u00fcnel jpolojis.in.de. maliyet ve zaman a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan
\u00f6nemli, olmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu ama\u00e7la \u0130stanbul metrosu t\u00fcnelinde tahmin, edilen ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen kaya ko\u0002\u015fullan de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. \u0130stanbul metrosu ZincirHkuyu t\u00fcnelinde tahmin edilen ile ger\u00e7ekle\u0002\u015fen kaya ko\u015fullan benzer tespit edilmi\u015ftir. Sondaj verilerine g\u00f6re jeolojik, kesitin, do\u011fruya yak\u0131n tespit edilmesi ise yeteri say\u0131da, ve derinlikte, sondaj\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve jeoloji kesitinin do\u011f\u0002ru, yorumlanmas\u0131 ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.
<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n

T\u00fcnel, jeoloji kesiti haz\u0131rlarken, ba\u015fl\u0131ca g\u00fczergah ve \u00e7evre\u0002sini etkileyen tektonizmanu mutlaka, de\u011ferlendirmeye al\u0131nma\u0002s\u0131 gerekmektedir. Ancak bu. dorumlarda sondaj verilerine g\u00f6re tahmin, edilen jeolojik kesiflerin do\u011fruluk derecesi, artmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcnel, jeoloji kesiti haz\u0131rlarken, ba\u015fl\u0131ca g\u00fczergah ve \u00e7evre\u0002sini etkileyen tektonizmanu mutlaka, de\u011ferlendirmeye al\u0131nma\u0002s\u0131 gerekmektedir. Ancak bu. dorumlarda sondaj verilerine g\u00f6re tahmin, edilen jeolojik kesiflerin do\u011fruluk derecesi, artmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

S\u00fcleyman DALGI\u00c7
\u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Jeoloji M\u00fchendisli\u011fi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc,<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00fcnel g\u00fczergah\u0131 incelemelerinde sondaj uygu\u0002lamalar\u0131 vazge\u00e7ilmez ara\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemlerinden bi\u0002ridir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma sondajlar\u0131ndan sa\u011flanan litoloji, yap\u0131sal unsurlar, yeralt\u0131suyu durumu, karotlan laboratuvarda de\u011ferlendirilmesi ve ,kuyu i\u00e7i testler gibi veriler, t\u00fcnellerin projelendirilmesine \u00f6nemli katk\u0131lar sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Ancak, t\u00fcnel g\u00fczergah\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma sondaj verilerinin yanl\u0131\u015f y\u00f6nlendirilmesi ve hatal\u0131 yorumlanmas\u0131 t\u00fcnel a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken \u00f6nemli pro\u0002je de\u011fi\u015fikliklerine neden olmaktad\u0131r. Proje de\u011fi\u015fik\u0002likleri ise t\u00fcnellerin maliyetini artt\u0131rmakta…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3061,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_kadence_starter_templates_imported_post":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3053","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tunel-nasil-yapilir"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/zincirlikuyumetrosu-kapak.png?v=1657998961","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p9zVBf-Nf","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3053","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3053"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3053\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3067,"href":"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3053\/revisions\/3067"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3061"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3053"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3053"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bakiacil.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3053"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}